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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Understanding the foundation of human dignity and freedom
The Birth of Modern Human Rights
The concept of human rights emerged powerfully from the devastation of World War II, culminating in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations in 1948. This landmark document established a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, setting out fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
Drafted by representatives from diverse legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
Core Principles
The UDHR establishes the inherent dignity and equal rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. It emphasizes that human rights are universal, inalienable, and indivisible – meaning they apply to everyone, cannot be taken away, and are all equally important.
The Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual’s rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, regional human rights instruments, and national constitutions. The core principles include the right to life, liberty, and security of person; freedom from slavery and torture; equality before the law; freedom of movement; and the right to seek asylum.
Fundamental Freedoms
The Declaration protects fundamental freedoms including freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; freedom of opinion and expression; freedom of peaceful assembly and association; and the right to participate in government. These civil and political rights form the bedrock of democratic societies.
Equally important are the economic, social, and cultural rights articulated in the Declaration: the right to work, to education, to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being, and the right to participate in cultural life. The UDHR recognizes that all rights are interconnected and that dignity requires both freedom from fear and freedom from want.
Contemporary Relevance
More than seventy years after its adoption, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights remains profoundly relevant. It continues to inspire national and international laws and remains a touchstone in struggles for justice and human dignity worldwide. Its principles have been incorporated into the constitutions of many newly independent states and have guided the work of countless human rights defenders.
In our increasingly interconnected world, the Declaration serves as a reminder that human rights know no borders. It challenges us to build societies where the dignity of each person is respected and where everyone can live free from fear and want. The vision articulated in 1948 remains both an aspiration and a practical blueprint for creating a more just, equal, and compassionate world for all people.